When we select our arguments, we must also choose the facts that we will use to support them. Most of the time, this work will be more about documentation than argumentation. The main challenge will be to find information strong enough to support our arguments and reliable enough not to be questioned. For this, we will often need to consider all sources: journalistic, scientific, statistical, historical, legal, artistic... The difficulties begin, however, when we consider argumentation from a...

Anyone who wants to convince must always be ready to face objections. But wouldn't it be better to anticipate them altogether? Indeed, counter-arguing requires careful preparation. So wouldn't it be more effective to anticipate objections even before they are formulated, and thus protect our arguments? This rhetorical strategy is called prolepsis. Prolepsis consists in formulating the interlocutor's objection in his place, in order to respond to it before it can be stated. It is identified by...

Rhetoric is inherently dynamic. Any argument you present can be countered. his is especially true in conversations, where your interlocutor can challenge you at any time. Even in a monologue, your audience silently debates your points in their minds. To be persuasive, remember that 'the opposite is always true'. This mindset prevents us from becoming too convinced that our arguments are the strongest in terms of logic and effectiveness.